What is Iron?

Iron is acknowledged as a required mineral for every living thing, every cell to be exact. Iron’s main function is the transport of oxygen throughout the human body. It is also a crucial factor in the production of hemoglobin (iron-containing protein in red blood cells) and myoglobin (receives oxygen from hemoglobin and stores it in the muscles). Iron helps aid your immune system, along with Vitamin C and several other minerals. It is also a factor in the temperature of your body and how well you are able to concentrate at work. The body stores iron for future use (about 15%). Men store more iron than woman, thus meaning women are more prone to an iron deficiency. Iron supplements are recommended to help keep iron levels balanced. According to the RDA, the daily recommended dose of iron is (see table below):

Age Males(mg/day) Female(mg/day) Pregnancy(mg/day) Lactation(mg/day)
7 to 12 months 11 11 N/A N/A
1 to 3 years 7 7 N/A N/A
4 to 8 years 10 10 N/A N/A
9 to 13 years 8 8 N/A N/A
14 to 18 years 11 15 27 10
19 to 50 years 8 18 27 9
51+ years 8 8 N/A N/A

For more information on Iron, please take a look at the following topics below:

Benefits of Iron
Iron Deficiency
Iron Deficiency Anemia
Iron Supplements
Iron Injections
Iron Overdose
Iron Overload
Iron Rich Foods

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Benefits of Iron

When taken in moderate amounts (see RDA table), Iron has several benefits. These benefits are provided below:

- Prevents Fatigue (Iron Deficiency causes fatigue, which an intake of Iron counteracts)

- Maintains A Healthy Body

- Improves Immune System

- Promotes Good Skin Tone

- Prevents Iron Deficiency Anemia (Which is when your blood lacks a healthy amount of red blood cells.)

- Increases Hemoglobin (Meaning Oxygen will be transported to your cells faster)

- Boosts Brain and Muscle Power (Better concentration and mind development and will increase contraction of muscles)

- Raises Metabolism Levels

- Keeps Body Temperature At A Normal Level

- Improves Quality of Sleep

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Iron Deficiency

What is Iron Deficiency and How Can It Be Treated?

Iron deficiency is a very common nutritional deficiency and is the number one cause of anemia. Iron is responsible for transporting oxygen to cells in your body (hemoglobin and myoglobin), and without oxygen, your cells will grow weaker. Iron also helps aid your immune system (More on the Benefits of Iron). The main factor in iron deficiency is blood loss, especially in women. Other causes may include: low iron diet, iron absorption blockers, illness (such as a fever) and hookworm. If you think you may have an iron deficiency problem, first check if you have any of the following symptoms: fever, hair loss, irritability, fatigue, brittle nails, worsening immune system, or Plummer-Vinson syndrome. Plummer-Vinson syndrome is when you feel a burning sensation with the tongue and oral mucosa. Minor conditions of iron deficiency can be cured with the aid of iron supplements and iron in the diet.

Iron Deficiency and Restless Leg Syndrome

Restless leg syndrome is when you have an uncontrollable urge to move your legs. It is not dangerous nor is it life-threatening, but can cause disrupt in sleep. Stress is the number one factor of this occurrence, but another factor is iron deficiency. People who have restless leg syndrome have been found to have a low content of iron in their blood. If you do have restless leg syndrome, please check your iron levels because this may be the cause! Do NOT overindulge in iron because the effects of an overdose may bee much worse than restless leg syndrome.

Iron Deficiency and Anxiety

Iron deficiency has been found to be linked with anxiety, or more specifically, panic attacks. Panic attacks are when you are engulfed by a sudden feeling of intense fear. Most would describe it as having a nervous breakdown or close to having a heart attack. Panic attacks are caused by anxiety, which happens due to lack of vitamins, lack of sleep, and the main factor, stress. Iron Deficiency and B-12 deficiency are also main causes of panic attacks, so be sure to have the minimal doses daily (RDA Table).

Iron Deficiency Hair Loss

Unfortunately, if you happen to have iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia, that could result in a horrible dilemma, which is iron deficiency hair loss. (The best way to keep your hair content, is to prevent iron deficiency!) If you are losing hair with no known cause, then check the symptoms of iron deficiency (anemia) just to make sure you don’t have it, as iron deficiency symptoms can go unnoticed, or viewed as a common illness. Though some say it is a controversial study, forty years of research shows otherwise. If you believe you have iron deficiency, do not go crazy taking iron supplements, as this will not help! Men should watch out when taking supplements, as they do not need it as much as women do, especially if they don’t even have iron deficiency! Eat a healthy diet, with iron in it of course, and only take the recommended amount of iron you should take a day (RDA Table). You should also make sure to intake vitamin c, as it helps your body absorb iron, which will prevent your hair from falling out! The best thing to do would be to see your doctor, to make sure that iron deficiency is or is not the cause of your hair loss, or to find out it’s genetics and your hair’s time has come.

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Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common anemia that occurs when you do not have enough iron in your body, or when you lose a lot of blood. When this happens, your body does not have enough iron to produce hemoglobin, which transports oxygen to your cells. Make sure you can the recommended daily dose (RDA Table). Women lose iron more than men do, so they need about double the amount of iron intake per day. Iron deficiency anemia is not the same as just iron deficiency, but a severe result if iron deficiency worsens. If not treated, iron deficiency anemia can ultimately lead to death.

Iron Deficiency Anemia Symptoms

The symptoms of iron deficiency may be hard to catch, and could go unnoticed or be regarded as a simple illness. One of the major symptoms is weakness and fatigue. Several others include:

- Hair Loss
- Depression
- Sleepiness
- Dark Circles Under Eyes (Pallor)
- Anxiety (See Iron Deficiency)
- Restless Leg Syndrome (See Iron Deficiency)
- Shortness of Breath
- Headaches
- Dizziness
- Irritability
- Pale Skin
- Lack of Focus
- Pica (Eating odd things. See Wikipedia for more information on Pica)
- Poor Appetite
- Muscle Twitches
- Brittle Nails
- Low Blood Pressure

Iron Deficiency Anemia Causes

As you know, the most common cause of Iron Deficiency Anemia is lack of iron. Other causes are as followed:

- Blood Loss (Donation, Menstruation)
- Parasites (Hookworms, Roundworms, and Whipworms)
- Brest Feeding
- Pregnancy
- Problem with Food Absorption

Iron Deficiency Anemia Diagnosis and Treatment

The main test when testing for Iron Deficiency is a blood test, which will show how much iron is in your blood and will examine the size and color of you red blood cells. It will also test you hemoglobin and ferritin levels. Iron deficiency anemia can be treated in a variety of ways:

- Iron Enriched Diet
- Iron Supplements
- Iron Replacement Medicine

In worse-case scenarios:

- Transfusion
- Surgery
- Iron Injections

If you do not want to have any of those symptoms, then the best thing to do is to prevent yourself from getting iron deficiency anemia! To do this, you should:

- Eat a healthy, balanced diet containing iron
- Intake a good amount of Vitamin C (Which absorbs iron)
- Cut back on caffeinated products

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Iron Supplements

Iron supplements, in addition to an iron rich diet, are a good way to replenish or keep your iron at a balanced level. Iron supplements are mainly used to treat iron deficiency anemia, but can also be used to make sure you get your daily dose of iron (RDA Table). It is best to take any iron supplements on an empty stomach, along with fruit juice or water. Preferably in the morning or afternoon, as it might upset your stomach, which would disrupt your sleep at night. It is also recommended that you take vitamin c with your iron supplement (orange juice), as vitamin c helps you absorb iron.As with any type of medication or dietary pill, there are side effects. As long as you don’t overdose, these side-effects are not life threatening. They include:

- Constipation (Make sure to eat lots of fiber, or exercise well)
- Diarrhea (Drink plenty of water)
- Abdominal Discomfort
- Black Stool

There are plenty of Iron supplements that can be purchased, check out Amazon.com‘s listings. Personally, I prefer buying them at any local supermarket, such a Wal-mart or Target. Supplements can come in different forms, such a tablets, soft-gels, and even liquid. It can take several months before you start to notice a significant increase in your health, especially if you have iron deficiency anemia. Just take your time, have a good diet, and do not take too much as it will only make things worse!

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Iron Injections

Iron injections are mainly used for patients who have a hard time absorbing iron into their bodies. Meaning iron supplements and iron rich foods are not enough, and unlike the two, iron injections must be taken at a clinical site. There are three main types of iron injections: iron dextran, ferumoxytol, and carbohydrate injections (iron sucrose and ferric gluconate). Iron dextran is the most common type of iron injection because it can be given in one single, large dose. It is possible for patients to be allergic to this type of iron injection though, which can result in death if a large dosage is taken. Which is why doctors will first give you small doses to test if you are allergic. The second type of iron injection is known as ferumoxytol, which is given a similar sized dose as iron dextran and in two doses, four to seven days apart. The third type, carbohydrate injections, are divided into two categories, iron sucrose and ferric gluconate. Iron sucrose and ferric gluconate are given in small doses and have a low chance at causing an allergic reaction.

The side effects of iron injections include:

- Headaches
- Nausea
- Fever
- Muscle Pains
- Dizziness
- Flushing

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Iron Overdose

Iron deficiency is one thing to watch out for, the other would be, an iron overdose . Iron overdose occurs when a person takes more than the recommended amount (See RDA Table). The symptoms for overdosing on iron are as follows:

- Depression
- Chills
- Fast And Weak Pulse
- Black and/or Bloody Stools
- Fever
- Dizziness
- Drowsiness
- Dehydration
- Low Blood Pressure
- Flushing
- Blueish-Colored Lips And Fingernails
- Liver damage
- Convulsions
- Shock
- Headache
- Vomiting blood
- Fluid In Lungs
- Metallic Taste In Mouth
- Nausea
- Coma
- Diarrhea
- Loss Of Color From The Skin

If iron poisoning occurs, you should call The National Poison Control Center (1-800-222-1222).

Related Post: “Iron Overload

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Iron Overload

An iron overload (hemochromatosis) occurs when there is too much iron in the body, and can even be passed down through genetics. Iron overload causes iron in the body to build up in tissues and organs. The organs that are effected by iron overload are the heart, liver, and endocrine glands.   Hemochromatosis  may also cause cirrhosis in the liver, diabetes, heart disease, and arthritis.

- diabetes
- hair loss
- heart attack
- infertility
- missed period
- increased blood sugar
- enlarged liver
- depression
- liver disease
- abdominal pain
- hypothyroidism
- chronic fatigue
- osteoporosis
- joint pain
- increased liver enzymes

Iron overload is mainly treated by bloodletting, which is the act of letting a certain amount of blood out of your body. This will be scheduled to happen quite frequently, until iron levels return to a healthy level. After that, bloodletting appointments are scheduled every other month. The second method of treatment, in case the first is not an option, is a drug that can help. This drug is known as deferoxamine, which eliminated iron through urine or stool. It is especially used in children who have and high amount of iron.

Related Article: “Iron Overdose

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Iron Rich Foods

Iron deficiency can be a major problem, with an easy fix! Along with taking iron supplements, you should have an iron rich food diet. Eating the food below is a good way to get the recommended daily dose, as well as help treat and prevent iron deficiency anemia.

The best foods for iron would have to be: red meat, eggs, dark leafy greens prunes and raisins, mollusks (clams), beans, lentils, chick peas, soybeans, liver and artichokes.
But considering that is a small amount of food to choose from, below is a list provided by the American Red Cross:

Vegetables
Collards
Beet greens
Dandelion greens
Chard
Peas
String beans
Kale
Sweet potatoes
Spinach
Broccoli

Bread & Cereals
White bread (enriched)
Whole wheat bread
Enriched macaroni
Cream of Wheat
Enriched rice
Wheat products
Rye bread
Bran cereals
Corn meal
Oat cereal

Seafood
Oysters
Dried cod
Haddock
Scallops
Mackerel
Sardines
Tuna
Shrimp
Clams

Fruit
Figs
Dates
Dried apricots
Prune juice
Dried peaches
Watermelon
Strawberries
Raisins
Prunes

Meat
Veal
Dried beef
Chicken
Liver
Heart
Brains
Lamb
Turkey
Liverwurst
Pork
Tongue
Ham
Beef
Kidney

Other
Eggs (Any Style)
Molasses
Maple syrup
Dried peas
Instant breakfast
Dried beans
Corn syrup
Lentils

Another site, featuring a list of the top ten foods containing iron in different categories, can be found HERE.

Along with these foods, you should consume something with a large amount of Vitamin C, such as orange juice, as it helps your body absorb iron.

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